Romans 2:12-29 The Law

For all who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law, and all who have sinned under the Law will be judged by the Law; for it is not the hearers of the Law who are just before God, but the doers of the Law will be justified. For when Gentiles who do not have the Law do instinctively the things of the Law, these, not having the Law, are a law to themselves...You who boast in the Law, through your breaking the Law, do you dishonor God? For " the name of  God is blasphemed among the  gentiles  because of you ," just as it is written.  For indeed circumcision is of value if you practice the Law; but if you are a transgressor of the Law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision...But he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that which is of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter; and his praise is not from men, but from God.   

Romans 2:12‭-‬29 NASB

At a cursory glance, and taken out of context, it would seem that those who have never heard the gospel would be saved as long as their conscience is clear. This is not the case.

Romans 3.23 says, "for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God," Also in Roomans 3.10, "as it is written, 'there is none righteous , not even one'". So then, all of us have sinned and need God's grace.

So then, what is the point he is making?

As Paul repeatedly states, the gospel was preached first to the Jews, and then to the gentiles. At this point in the letter, Paul is addressing the Jews who who are following the Law of Moses. There was a cultural pride among the Jews that they are God's chosen people who had followed the Law for many generations. They thought that they had a spiritual advantage over the upstart gentiles who had only recently begun following the Jewish Messiah.

Through Paul's writing, God is making it clear that no one has an advantage, neither Jew nor gentile, but all are subject to God's judgment.